Some verses of Iqbal and Ghalib ring as if they were written only yesterday.
This is perhaps one of the reasons why these two great poets of Urdu
sound relevant even today and the pace with which intellectuals keep on
writing books on these two masters makes one feel that the fascination
with them will be there for a long time to come.
Ghalib’s poetry has an appeal of its own but the reasons for popularity and timelessness of Iqbal’s poetry have as much to do with philosophy and politics as aesthetics and poetics. Every year we see a steady flow of books on Iqbal. This year and the year before too are no exceptions.
In the last six months or so, at least three new books on Iqbal have appeared.
Two of them are by Prof Fateh Mohammad Malik. Prof Malik has over two dozen books to his credit and most of them deal with political philosophy, Pakistan ideology, Iqbal studies, Kashmir and Palestine — either directly or indirectly. He is a scholar and academic with rich experience in teaching at world-renowned universities such as Columbia University and University of Heidelberg. He has also served as Rector of the International Islamic University, Islamabad and the chairman of the National Language Authority, Islamabad. Drawing inferences from political and philosophical analyses of literary writings has been his hallmark throughout his literary career.
His new book ‘Iqbal ke siyasi tasavvuraat’ (Iqbal’s political thoughts) has been published by Islamabad’s Dost Publications. Although a collection of essays discussing Pakistan ideology, Islamic ideology, Islam in the modern age, today’s Arab world, Abul Kalam Azad, Hussain Ahmed Madani, Jamaluudin Afghani, and other related topics, Iqbal is the common thread that runs through them and binds them.
The book discusses current political situation in the Islamic world and Pakistan as well and Prof Malik is of the view that the way out is to
understand the spirit of Iqbal’s philosophical ideas and adhere to them.
But a word here about Jamaluddin Afghani would not be out of place as one of the essays included in the book is titled ‘Allama Iqbal aur Jamaluddin Afghani’. In this essay Prof Malik has rightly mentioned that Iqbal was impressed and inspired by Jamaluddin Afghani’s thoughts that emphasised a modernistic Islamic approach vis-a-vis the changing world view. But when Malik says that Afghani’s thought that establishing a representative government was the first stage of the revolution, one has to differ. Afghani was, generally, in favour of overthrowing governments and replacing them with other regimes and he never specifically mentioned any lawful or constitutional way of transfer of power. Secondly, in the light of new research, Jamaluddin Afghani’s role is considered somewhat doubtful, to put it mildly.
There are some writers who accuse Afghani of being a freemason and others accuse him of co-operating with the British on certain issues.
Yet another researcher thinks that he was working in Kabul with the connivance of the then Russian government, spying on the British.
Although all of these accusations need further investigation and proof before we believe them, it has been established that Afghani’s whereabouts remained unknown for some three years. It was hitherto believed that he arrived in Afghanistan in 1863, but documents have proved that his arrival in Afghanistan was not reported earlier than 1866. So three years of his life remain largely unaccounted for, which further creates doubts about his clandestine activities.
What Prof Malik has mentioned, however, is that since Afghani had become a symbol of anti-colonial and pro-independence philosophy, some Western scholars have been trying to disparage his personality. He was an advocate of pan-Islamism, too. On the other hand, a number of staunch Islamic scholars have always accused Afghani of being heretic and rejected his version of Islam as ‘too modernistic and liberal’. Anyway, the enigmatic personality we know today as Jamaluddin Afghani needs a re-evaluation.
Prof Malik’s other book on Iqbal is in English. Titled ‘Reconstruction of Muslim political thought’, the book is just published by the National Book Foundation, Islamabad. It is divided into two sections: Iqbal’s political thought; and selected political writings of Iqbal. Some important aspects of Iqbal’s political philosophy and nationalism, separate Muslim nationhood and Islamic nationalism are the core issues that come under discussion repeatedly in the book. The third book on Iqbal, published in the latter half of 2012, is a collection of letters written by various scholars and intellectuals addressed to Prof Dr Rafiuddin Hashmi. It is titled ‘Iqbalyati Makateeb’. Prof Hashmi is one of the researchers whose name has become synonymous with research on Iqbal. Prof Hashmi had been the head of the Urdu department at Punjab University Oriental College, Lahore, and has penned over 40 books, mostly on Iqbal. Another topic for which Prof Hashmi is known for is research itself. His book ‘Jamiaat mein Urdu tehqeeq’ is a monumental bibliographic work on Urdu research carried out in the universities all over the world. So, it was but natural for the scholars of Urdu from all over to write to Prof Hashmi and ask him to share his knowledge on the life and works of Iqbal. He still receives queries about Iqbal and gladly shares his knowledge on Iqbal with anyone who looks for some information. As a result, a large number of letters written by scholars had gathered. These are compiled and annotated by Dr Khalid Nadeem in the shape of the book under review. We see in these pages scholars such as Gian Chand Jain, Bashir Ahmed Dar, Hameed Ahmed Khan, Jagan Nath Azad, Aal-e-Ahmed Suroor, Mushfiq Khwaja, Rasheed Hasan Khan, Khaleeq Anjum, Moinuddin Aqeel, Hiroji Katoka and many others exchanging their views and knowledge with Prof Hashmi and appreciating his works and his assistance.
Published by Rawalpindi’s Al-Fateh Publications, the book is a treasure for scholars and students alike.
drraufparekh@yahoo.com
Dawn
Ghalib’s poetry has an appeal of its own but the reasons for popularity and timelessness of Iqbal’s poetry have as much to do with philosophy and politics as aesthetics and poetics. Every year we see a steady flow of books on Iqbal. This year and the year before too are no exceptions.
In the last six months or so, at least three new books on Iqbal have appeared.
Two of them are by Prof Fateh Mohammad Malik. Prof Malik has over two dozen books to his credit and most of them deal with political philosophy, Pakistan ideology, Iqbal studies, Kashmir and Palestine — either directly or indirectly. He is a scholar and academic with rich experience in teaching at world-renowned universities such as Columbia University and University of Heidelberg. He has also served as Rector of the International Islamic University, Islamabad and the chairman of the National Language Authority, Islamabad. Drawing inferences from political and philosophical analyses of literary writings has been his hallmark throughout his literary career.
His new book ‘Iqbal ke siyasi tasavvuraat’ (Iqbal’s political thoughts) has been published by Islamabad’s Dost Publications. Although a collection of essays discussing Pakistan ideology, Islamic ideology, Islam in the modern age, today’s Arab world, Abul Kalam Azad, Hussain Ahmed Madani, Jamaluudin Afghani, and other related topics, Iqbal is the common thread that runs through them and binds them.
The book discusses current political situation in the Islamic world and Pakistan as well and Prof Malik is of the view that the way out is to
understand the spirit of Iqbal’s philosophical ideas and adhere to them.
But a word here about Jamaluddin Afghani would not be out of place as one of the essays included in the book is titled ‘Allama Iqbal aur Jamaluddin Afghani’. In this essay Prof Malik has rightly mentioned that Iqbal was impressed and inspired by Jamaluddin Afghani’s thoughts that emphasised a modernistic Islamic approach vis-a-vis the changing world view. But when Malik says that Afghani’s thought that establishing a representative government was the first stage of the revolution, one has to differ. Afghani was, generally, in favour of overthrowing governments and replacing them with other regimes and he never specifically mentioned any lawful or constitutional way of transfer of power. Secondly, in the light of new research, Jamaluddin Afghani’s role is considered somewhat doubtful, to put it mildly.
There are some writers who accuse Afghani of being a freemason and others accuse him of co-operating with the British on certain issues.
Yet another researcher thinks that he was working in Kabul with the connivance of the then Russian government, spying on the British.
Although all of these accusations need further investigation and proof before we believe them, it has been established that Afghani’s whereabouts remained unknown for some three years. It was hitherto believed that he arrived in Afghanistan in 1863, but documents have proved that his arrival in Afghanistan was not reported earlier than 1866. So three years of his life remain largely unaccounted for, which further creates doubts about his clandestine activities.
What Prof Malik has mentioned, however, is that since Afghani had become a symbol of anti-colonial and pro-independence philosophy, some Western scholars have been trying to disparage his personality. He was an advocate of pan-Islamism, too. On the other hand, a number of staunch Islamic scholars have always accused Afghani of being heretic and rejected his version of Islam as ‘too modernistic and liberal’. Anyway, the enigmatic personality we know today as Jamaluddin Afghani needs a re-evaluation.
Prof Malik’s other book on Iqbal is in English. Titled ‘Reconstruction of Muslim political thought’, the book is just published by the National Book Foundation, Islamabad. It is divided into two sections: Iqbal’s political thought; and selected political writings of Iqbal. Some important aspects of Iqbal’s political philosophy and nationalism, separate Muslim nationhood and Islamic nationalism are the core issues that come under discussion repeatedly in the book. The third book on Iqbal, published in the latter half of 2012, is a collection of letters written by various scholars and intellectuals addressed to Prof Dr Rafiuddin Hashmi. It is titled ‘Iqbalyati Makateeb’. Prof Hashmi is one of the researchers whose name has become synonymous with research on Iqbal. Prof Hashmi had been the head of the Urdu department at Punjab University Oriental College, Lahore, and has penned over 40 books, mostly on Iqbal. Another topic for which Prof Hashmi is known for is research itself. His book ‘Jamiaat mein Urdu tehqeeq’ is a monumental bibliographic work on Urdu research carried out in the universities all over the world. So, it was but natural for the scholars of Urdu from all over to write to Prof Hashmi and ask him to share his knowledge on the life and works of Iqbal. He still receives queries about Iqbal and gladly shares his knowledge on Iqbal with anyone who looks for some information. As a result, a large number of letters written by scholars had gathered. These are compiled and annotated by Dr Khalid Nadeem in the shape of the book under review. We see in these pages scholars such as Gian Chand Jain, Bashir Ahmed Dar, Hameed Ahmed Khan, Jagan Nath Azad, Aal-e-Ahmed Suroor, Mushfiq Khwaja, Rasheed Hasan Khan, Khaleeq Anjum, Moinuddin Aqeel, Hiroji Katoka and many others exchanging their views and knowledge with Prof Hashmi and appreciating his works and his assistance.
Published by Rawalpindi’s Al-Fateh Publications, the book is a treasure for scholars and students alike.
drraufparekh@yahoo.com
Dawn
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